UOTI Universal Open Textbook Initiative

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Organic Chemistry

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Contents

Dedication and Preface
Chapter 1 Structure and Bonding
Chapter 2 Polar Covalent Bonds; Acids and Bases
Chapter 3 Organic Compounds: Alkanes and Their Stereochemistry
Chapter 4 Organic Compounds: Cycloalkanes and Their Stereochemistry
Chapter 5 Stereochemistry at Tetrahedral Centers
Chapter 6 An Overview of Organic Reactions
Chapter 7 Alkenes: Structure and Reactivity
Chapter 8 Alkenes: Reactions and Synthesis
Chapter 9 Alkynes: An Introduction to Organic Synthesis
Chapter 10 Organohalides
Chapter 11 Reactions of Alkyl Halides: Nucleophilic Substitutions and Eliminations
Chapter 12 Structure Determination: Mass Spectrometry and Infrared Spectroscopy
Chapter 13 Structure Determination: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Chapter 14 Conjugated Compounds and Ultraviolet Spectroscopy
Chapter 15 Benzene and Aromaticity
Chapter 16 Chemistry of Benzene: Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution
Chapter 17 Alcohols and Phenols
Chapter 18 Ethers and Epoxides; Thiols and Sulfides
Chapter 19 Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition Reactions
Chapter 20 Carboxylic Acids and Nitriles
Chapter 21 Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution Reactions
Chapter 22 Carbonyl Alpha-Substitution Reactions
Chapter 23 Carbonyl Condensation Reactions
Chapter 24 Amines and Heterocycles
Chapter 25 Biomolecules: Carbohydrates
Chapter 26 Biomolecules: Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins
Chapter 27 Biomolecules: Lipids
Chapter 28 Biomolecules: Nucleic Acids
Chapter 29 The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways
Chapter 30 Orbitals and Organic Chemistry: Pericyclic Reactions
Chapter 31 Synthetic Polymers
Appendix A Nomenclature of Polyfunctional Organic Compounds
Appendix B Acidity Constants for Some Organic Compounds
Appendix C Glossary
Appendix D Periodic Table
Answer Key
Index

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Chapter 20 Carboxylic Acids and Nitriles

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Chapter 20 Carboxylic Acids and Nitriles

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