Key Equations

Key Equations

11.1 Temperature and Thermal Energy

Celsius to Fahrenheit conversion T °F = 9 5 T °C +32 T °F = 9 5 T °C +32
Fahrenheit to Celsius conversion T °C = 5 9 ( T °F −32 ) T °C = 5 9 ( T °F −32 )
Celsius to Kelvin conversion T K = T °C + 273.15 T K = T °C + 273.15
Kelvin to Celsius conversion T °C = T K −273.15 T °C = T K −273.15
Fahrenheit to Kelvin conversion T K = 5 9 ( T °F −32 )+273.15 T K = 5 9 ( T °F −32 )+273.15
Kelvin to Fahrenheit conversion T °F = 9 5 ( T K −273.15 )+32 T °F = 9 5 ( T K −273.15 )+32

11.2 Heat, Specific Heat, and Heat Transfer

heat transfer Q = mcΔT Q = mcΔT
density ρ= m V ρ= m V

11.3 Phase Change and Latent Heat

heat transfer for melting/freezing phase change Q=m L f Q=m L f
heat transfer for vaporization/condensation phase change Q=m L v Q=m L v