Key Terms
12.1
What Is Stress?
stress,
stressor,
stress response,
allostasis,
stressor type (physical, psychological, social),
stressor duration (acute, subchronic, chronic),
stressor severity (mild, moderate, severe/traumatic),
inverted-U curve,
eustress,
distress,
animal model
12.2
Neural Mechanisms and Circuitry of the Stress Response
amygdala,
hippocampus,
prefrontal cortex,
autonomic nervous system,
parasympathetic nervous system,
sympathetic nervous system,
sympatho-neural system,
sympatho-adrenomedullary system,
hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis,
corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH),
adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH),
glucocorticoid,
cortisol,
negative feedback,
Cushing’s syndrome,
glucocorticoid receptor,
mineralocorticoid receptor,
ventral tegmental area (VTA),
nucleus accumbens (NAc),
top-down or high-order control
12.3
Interindividual Variability and Resilience in Response to Stress
interindividual variability,
epigenetic,
critical period,
biological inheritance,
social inheritance,
ecological inheritance,
appraisal/reappraisal,
predictability,
controllability,
social buffering,
resilience
12.4
Clinical Implications of Stress
stress-related disorders,
allostatic overload,
sickness response,
inflammation,
microglia,
inflammatory priming,
neuroinflammation,
neurodegeneration