Critical Thinking

40.

What would the results of Pasteur’s swan-neck flask experiment have looked like if they supported the theory of spontaneous generation?

41.

Why are mitochondria and chloroplasts unable to multiply outside of a host cell?

42.

Why was the work of Snow so important in supporting the germ theory?

43.

Which of the following slides is a good example of staphylococci?

A) A micrograph of rods in a cluster. B) a micrograph of individual rods. C) A micrograph of spheres in a chain. D) a micrograph of spheres in a cluster.

Figure 3.58 (credit a: modification of work by U.S. Department of Agriculture; credit b: modification of work by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; credit c: modification of work by NIAID)

44.

Provide some examples of bacterial structures that might be used as antibiotic targets and explain why.

45.

The causative agent of botulism, a deadly form of food poisoning, is an endospore-forming bacterium called Clostridium botulinum. Why might it be difficult to kill this bacterium in contaminated food?

46.

Label the lettered parts of this eukaryotic cell.

Image of a cell. the outside line is labeled A. A long projection to the outside is labeled H. A large sphere in the cell has an outer line labeled B. A smaller sphere in the larger sphere is labeled C. Outside of this sphere but still inside the cell are folds of membranes with dots labeled F. Another set of folded membranes in a stack is labeld G; smaller spheres are coming off of these stacks. An oval structure with lines inside is labeld D and two small tubes are labeled E.

47.

How are peroxisomes more like mitochondria than like the membrane-bound organelles of the endomembrane system? How do they differ from mitochondria?

48.

Why must the functions of both lysosomes and peroxisomes be compartmentalized?