A medical item that comes into contact with intact skin and does not penetrate sterile tissues or come into contact with mucous membranes is called a(n) ________ item.

The goal of ________ ________ protocols is to rid canned produce of Clostridium botulinum endospores.

In an autoclave, the application of pressure to ________ is increased to allow the steam to achieve temperatures above the boiling point of water.

Doorknobs and other surfaces in clinical settings are often coated with ________, ________, or ________ to prevent the transmission of microbes.

If a chemical disinfectant is more effective than phenol, then its phenol coefficient would be ________ than 1.0.

If used for extended periods of time, ________ germicides may lead to sterility.

In the disk-diffusion assay, a large zone of inhibition around a disk to which a chemical disinfectant has been applied indicates ________ of the test microbe to the chemical disinfectant.