b. The symptoms presented are classic signs of rhinitis.

a. Asthma is characterized as difficulty moving air into and out of the lungs due to bronchoconstriction. This causes wheezing during inspiration and expiration.

d. Chronic bronchitis is characterized by chronic cough and sputum production. The most common cause is smoking.

a. Identifying triggers will help the client decrease symptoms by avoiding the trigger items.

d. Emphysema develops gradually, and many clients have no symptoms at first. Most clients notice shortness of breath when doing normal activities.

a. Clients with COPD are more prone to respiratory infections, so they should implement infection prevention strategies.

b. Oxygen saturation is the amount of oxygen bound to hemoglobin.

a. Emphysema and COPD are most often caused by cigarette smoking.

b. Quitting smoking will not cure the disease, but it can prevent more damage.

c. Sinus pain and pressure are common symptoms of sinusitis. Using pain reducers such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen can help with these symptoms.