Key Equations

Δ S = \frac{q_{rev}}{T}

S = k ln W

Δ S = k ln \frac{W_{f}}{W_{i}}

Δ S ° = \sum ν S ° (products) - \sum ν S ° (reactants)

Δ S = \frac{q_{rev}}{T}

ΔS_univ = ΔS_sys + ΔS_surr

Δ S_{univ} = Δ S_{sys} + Δ S_{surr} = Δ S_{sys} + \frac{q_{surr}}{T}

ΔG = ΔH − TΔS