Preface
Biology was originally authored by Mary Ann Clark, Jung Choi, and Matthew Douglas, and published by OpenStax, Rice University. It is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). The original work is available at openstax.org/books/biology-2e. This version has been adapted for use in the Universal Open Textbook Initiative.
About Biology
Biology is designed to cover the scope and sequence requirements of a typical two-semester biology course for science majors. The text provides comprehensive coverage of foundational research and core biology concepts through an evolutionary lens. Biology includes rich features that engage students in scientific inquiry, highlight careers in the biological sciences, and offer everyday applications. The book also includes various types of practice and homework questions that help students understand — and apply — key concepts.
Pedagogical foundation
The pedagogical choices, chapter arrangements, and learning objective fulfillment were developed and vetted with the feedback of another one hundred reviewers, who thoroughly read the material and offered detailed critical commentary.
- Evolution Connection features uphold the importance of evolution to all biological study through discussions like "The Evolution of Metabolic Pathways" and "Algae and Evolutionary Paths to Photosynthesis."
- Scientific Method Connection call-outs walk students through actual or thought experiments that elucidate the steps of the scientific process as applied to the topic. Features include "Determining the Time Spent in Cell Cycle Stages" and "Testing the Hypothesis of Independent Assortment."
- Career Connection features present information on a variety of careers in the biological sciences, introducing students to the educational requirements and day-to-day work life of a variety of professions, such as microbiologist, ecologist, neurologist, and forensic scientist.
- Everyday Connection features tie biological concepts to emerging issues and discuss science in terms of everyday life. Topics include "Chesapeake Bay" and "Can Snail Venom Be Used as a Pharmacological Pain Killer?"
Art and animations that engage
Our art program takes a straightforward approach designed to help students learn the concepts of biology through simple, effective illustrations, photos, and micrographs. Biology also incorporates links to relevant animations and interactive exercises that help bring biology to life for students.
- Visual Connection features call out core figures in each chapter for student study. Questions about key figures, including clicker questions that can be used in the classroom, engage students' critical thinking and analytical abilities to ensure their genuine understanding.
- Link to Learning features direct students to online interactive exercises and animations to add a fuller context and examples to core content.
Answers to Questions in the Book
Students are provided answers to odd-numbered Visual Connection Questions, Review Questions, and Critical Thinking Questions via the Student Solution Manual on the Student Resources page. In order to allow instructors as much flexibility as possible, answers to even-numbered Visual Connection Questions, Review Questions, and Critical Thinking Questions are provided only to instructors via the Instructor Resources page.
Additional resources
Instructor resources for this book include a comprehensive instructor's manual, a test bank, and PowerPoint lecture slides. These are available through the OpenStax instructor resources page for this book. Instructors can also find and share community-created teaching materials at oercommons.org/hubs/OpenStax.
About the authors
Second edition authors and reviewers
Senior Contributing Authors
Mary Ann Clark, Texas Wesleyan University
Jung Choi, Georgia Institute of Technology
Matthew Douglas, Grand Rapids Community College
Reviewers
Kathleen Berlyn, Baltimore City Community College
Bridgett Brinton, Armstrong State University
Jennifer Chase, Northwest Nazarene University
Amy Hoffman, Grayson County College
Olga Kopp, Utah Valley University
Jennifer Larson, Capital University
Jason Locklin, Austin Community College
Hongmei Ma, American University
Melissa Masse, Tulsa Community College
Shannon McDermott, Central Virginia Community College
Bryan Monesson-Olson, University of Massachusetts Amherst
Amber Reece, California State University Fresno
Monique Reed, Texas A&M University
Jeffrey Roberts, American River College
Matthew Smith, North Dakota State University
Dawn Wankowski, Cardinal Stritch University
First edition authors and reviewers
Senior Contributing Authors
Yael Avissar (Cell Biology), Rhode Island College
Jung Choi (Genetics), Georgia Institute of Technology
Jean DeSaix (Evolution), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Vladimir Jurukovski (Animal Physiology), Suffolk County Community College
Robert Wise (Plant Biology), University of Wisconsin, Oshkosh
Connie Rye (General Content Lead), East Mississippi Community College
Contributing Authors and Reviewers
Julie Adams, Aurora University
Summer Allen, Brown University
James Bader, Case Western Reserve University
David Bailey, St. Norbert College
Mark Belk, Brigham Young University
Nancy Boury, Iowa State University
Lisa Bonneau, Metropolitan Community College – Blue River
Graciela Brelles-Marino, California State University Pomona
Mark Browning, Purdue University
Sue Chaplin, University of St. Thomas
George Cline, Jacksonville State University
Deb Cook, Georgia Gwinnett College
Diane Day, Clayton State University
Frank Dirrigl, The University of Texas Pan American
Waneene Dorsey, Grambling State University
Nick Downey, University of Wisconsin La Crosse
Rick Duhrkopf, Baylor University
Kristy Duran, Adams State University
Stan Eisen, Christian Brothers University
Brent Ewers, University of Wyoming
Myriam Feldman, Lake Washington Institute of Technology
Michael Fine, Virginia Commonwealth University
Linda Flora, Delaware County Community College
Thomas Freeland, Walsh University
David Grisé, Texas A & M University – Corpus Christi
Andrea Hazard, SUNY Cortland
Michael Hedrick, University of North Texas
Linda Hensel, Mercer University
Mark Kopeny, University of Virginia
Norman Johnson, University of Massachusetts Amherst
Grace Lasker, Lake Washington Institute of Technology; Walden University
Sandy Latourelle, SUNY Plattsburgh
Theo Light, Shippensburg University
Clark Lindgren, Grinnell College
James Malcolm, University of Redlands
Mark Meade, Jacksonville State University
Richard Merritt, Houston Community College
James Mickle, North Carolina State University
Jasleen Mishra, Houston Community College
Dudley Moon, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences
Shobhana Natarajan, Brookhaven College
Jonas Okeagu, Fayetteville State University
Diana Oliveras, University of Colorado Boulder
John Peters, College of Charleston
Joel Piperberg, Millersville University
Johanna Porter-Kelley, Winston-Salem State University
Robyn Puffenbarger, Bridgewater College
Dennis Revie, California Lutheran University
Ann Rushing, Baylor University
Sangha Saha, City College of Chicago
Edward Saiff, Ramapo College of New Jersey
Brian Shmaefsky, Lone Star College System
Robert Sizemore, Alcorn State University
Marc Smith, Sinclair Community College
Frederick Spiegel, University of Arkansas
Frederick Sproull, La Roche College
Bob Sullivan, Marist College
Mark Sutherland, Hendrix College
Toure Thompson, Alabama A&M University
Scott Thomson, University of Wisconsin – Parkside
Allison van de Meene, University of Melbourne
Mary White, Southeastern Louisiana University
Steven Wilt, Bellarmine University
James Wise, Hampton University
Renna Wolfe
Virginia Young, Mercer University
Leslie Zeman, University of Washington
Daniel Zurek, Pittsburg State University
Shobhana Natarajan, Alcon Laboratories, Inc.