Neurons contain ________, which can receive signals from other neurons.

1. axons
2. mitochondria
3. dendrites
4. Golgi bodies

A(n) ________ neuron has one axon and one dendrite extending directly from the cell body.

1. unipolar
2. bipolar
3. multipolar
4. pseudounipolar

Glia that provide myelin for neurons in the brain are called ________.

1. Schwann cells
2. oligodendrocytes
3. microglia
4. astrocytes

Meningitis is a viral or bacterial infection of the brain. Which cell type is the first to have its function disrupted during meningitis?

1. astrocytes
2. microglia
3. neurons
4. satellite glia

For a neuron to fire an action potential, its membrane must reach ________.

1. hyperpolarization
2. the threshold of excitation
3. the refractory period
4. inhibitory postsynaptic potential

After an action potential, the opening of additional voltage-gated ________ channels and the inactivation of sodium channels, cause the membrane to return to its resting membrane potential.

1. sodium
2. potassium
3. calcium
4. chloride

What is the term for protein channels that connect two neurons at an electrical synapse?

1. synaptic vesicles
2. voltage-gated ion channels
3. gap junction protein
4. sodium-potassium exchange pumps

Which of the following molecules is not involved in the maintenance of the resting membrane potential?

1. potassium cations
2. ATP
3. voltage-gated ion channels
4. calcium cations

The ________ lobe contains the visual cortex.

1. frontal
2. parietal
3. temporal
4. occipital

The ________ connects the two cerebral hemispheres.

1. limbic system
2. corpus callosum
3. cerebellum
4. pituitary

Neurons in the ________ control motor reflexes.

1. thalamus
2. spinal cord
3. parietal lobe
4. hippocampus

Phineas Gage was a 19^th century railroad worker who survived an accident that drove a large iron rod through his head. If the injury resulted in him becoming temperamental and capricious what part of his brain was damaged?

1. frontal lobe
2. hippocampus
3. parietal lobe
4. temporal lobe

Activation of the sympathetic nervous system causes:

1. increased blood flow into the skin
2. a decreased heart rate
3. an increased heart rate
4. increased digestion

Where are parasympathetic preganglionic cell bodies located?

1. cerebellum
2. brainstem
3. dorsal root ganglia
4. skin

________ is released by motor nerve endings onto muscle.

1. Acetylcholine
2. Norepinephrine
3. Dopamine
4. Serotonin

Parkinson’s disease is a caused by the degeneration of neurons that release ________.

1. serotonin
2. dopamine
3. glutamate
4. norepinephrine

________ medications are often used to treat patients with ADHD.

1. Tranquilizer
2. Antibiotic
3. Stimulant
4. Anti-seizure

Strokes are often caused by ________.

1. neurodegeneration
2. blood clots or burst blood vessels
3. seizures
4. viruses

Why is it difficult to identify the cause of many nervous system disorders?

1. The genes associated with the diseases are not known.
2. There are no obvious defects in brain structure.
3. The onset and display of symptoms varies between patients.
4. all of the above

Why do many patients with neurodevelopmental disorders develop secondary disorders?

1. Their genes predispose them to schizophrenia.
2. Stimulant medications cause new behavioral disorders.
3. Behavioral therapies only improve neurodevelopmental disorders.
4. Dysfunction in the brain can affect many aspects of the body.