Key Equations

Equation of state for a closed system	$f (p, V, T) = 0$
Net work for a finite change in volume	$W = \int_{V_{1}}^{V_{2}} p d V$
Internal energy of a system (average total energy)	$E_{int} = \sum_{i} ({\bar{K}}_{i} + {\bar{U}}_{i}),$
Internal energy of a monatomic ideal gas	$E_{int} = n N_{A} (\frac{3}{2} k_{B} T) = \frac{3}{2} n R T$
First law of thermodynamics	$Δ E_{int} = Q - W$
Molar heat capacity at constant pressure	$C_{p} = C_{V} + R$
Ratio of molar heat capacities	$γ = C_{p} / C_{V}$
Condition for an ideal gas in a quasi-static adiabatic process	$p V^{γ} = constant$