A diploid cell has ________ the number of chromosomes as a haploid cell.

1. one-fourth
2. one-half
3. twice
4. four times

An organism’s traits are determined by the specific combination of inherited ________.

1. cells
2. genes
3. proteins
4. chromatids

Chromosomes are duplicated during what portion of the cell cycle?

1. G₁ phase
2. S phase
3. prophase
4. prometaphase

Separation of the sister chromatids is a characteristic of which stage of mitosis?

1. prometaphase
2. metaphase
3. anaphase
4. telophase

The individual chromosomes become visible with a light microscope during which stage of mitosis?

1. prophase
2. prometaphase
3. metaphase
4. anaphase

What is necessary for a cell to pass the G₂ checkpoint?

1. cell has reached a sufficient size
2. an adequate stockpile of nucleotides
3. accurate and complete DNA replication
4. proper attachment of mitotic spindle fibers to kinetochores

________ are changes to the nucleotides in a segment of DNA that codes for a protein.

1. Proto-oncogenes
2. Tumor suppressor genes
3. Gene mutations
4. Negative regulators

A gene that codes for a positive cell cycle regulator is called a(n) ________.

1. kinase inhibitor
2. tumor suppressor gene
3. proto-oncogene
4. oncogene

Which eukaryotic cell-cycle event is missing in binary fission?

1. cell growth
2. DNA duplication
3. mitosis
4. cytokinesis

FtsZ proteins direct the formation of a ________ that will eventually form the new cell walls of the daughter cells.

1. contractile ring
2. cell plate
3. cytoskeleton
4. septum